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The Brazilian definition is contained in legislative decree 7.053 that created the National Policy for Social Inclusion of the Homeless Population, which defines this population segment as being heterogeneous, characterized by maximum poverty, fragility or interruption of family bonds, due to the lack of conventional regular housing and experiencing a process of social disaffiliation. The articulation of a global definition with different classifications for people living on the streets can help in the measurement of the problem and the development of public policies that address this population. However, in the last years, there has been an effort to develop a global definition, with a number of proposals to define homelessness by dividing it into three basic categories: 1) people without accommodation 2) people living in temporary accommodation or in crisis 3) people living in severely inadequate and/or insecure accommodation, with each of these categories having their respective subcategories. ĭefining homelessness is not a simple task, and most countries adopt a definition based on their own legislation. Among all the data on homelessness, there are some themes that stand out, including: low levels of education, the tendency for individuals living on the street not have strong family relationships but to live with friends or unrelated people, economic instability in relation to sources of income, and widespread and frequent use of psychoactive substances. A census of 2015 reported that the homeless population of the city was 15,905. However, with regard to the municipal level, São Paulo, unlike most cities, does have some recent figures. The total number of homeless people in Brazil was estimated to be 101,854 individuals. There has been only one national study about this population, and it was carried out in 2008 with an estimate of homelessness being calculated using statistical models. īrazilian data about homeless populations are scarce and incomplete. Data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) show that Canada, Germany and the United States have the largest homeless population when compared with other countries in the organization. Substance abuse and dependence are mentioned as cross-cutting factors that intensify social exclusion in all stages of life.Įven though housing is a basic human need, the number of homeless people (HP) around the world is significant. The results suggest that interpersonal relationships are permeated by successive breakups, conflicts and other events that start in childhood and can have a cumulative effect in later stages of life, and cross the subsequent phases. Reports on social exclusion over time stood out in respect of four main themes and their respective subthemes: Theme 1 – Childhood: instability upbringing, abuse, violence, and an absent or not very present father figure Theme 2 – Adolescence: school dropout and failure acceptance of gender and sexual orientation birth of first child, living with a partner or getting married: Theme 3 – Adulthood: estrangement or conflicting relationship with family health problems drug trafficking and prostitution Theme 4 – Cross-cutting factors: death of relatives and substance use. Twenty individuals participated in the study. All interview were audio recorded, transcribed, and submitted to thematic analysis. The interviews were semi structured and used a timeline instrument. The participants were adults who had a history of homelessness and use of alcohol and other drugs.
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The objective of this study was, therefore, to elucidate how interpersonal relationships change over the life cycle of homeless drug and alcohol users.
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It is characterized by processes of weakening of interpersonal bonds. Homelessness is one of the most severe forms of social exclusion and is an important public health issue.